A map measurer is also known as a map wheel, an opisometer, or a meliograph. It is used to measure the length of routes or features on a map.
You use a map measurer by dragging the small wheel along the surface of the map, following carefully the path of the line that you wish to measure. As the wheel turns, the needle on the dial moves. When you get to the end of the line, you can read off from the dial the distance followed by the wheel.
The dial is usually calibrated for a number of different map scales, so that you can directly read the “real world” distance rather than the distance on the paper map. A modern map measurer might have scales such as 1 to 100000, 1 to 50000, 1 to 25000 plus some pre-metric scales such as 1 to 63360 (which corresponds to a map scale one inch per mile) or 1 to 15840 (four inches per mile).
If you accidentally drag the wheel along the wrong path, you can drag it back again before resuming the correct bath. When the wheel touching the map turns backwards, the indicator on the dial moves backwards.
Some map measurers have two hands on the dial. These are geared together like the hour and minute hands on a clockface. They allow large distances to be measured with fine precision. Some map measurers have a linear dial. As the wheel is turned, a colored line extends along the linear dial.
It is necessary to reset a map measurer to zero before taking the next reading. This can be done by draging the map measurer across the paper in the reverse direction until the dial reads zero. Some map measurers provide a reset button, or a thumb-operated knurled knob which will rapidly move the hands.